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11•1
Chapter 11
Suspension and steering
Contents
Front anti-roll bar - removal and refitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Front hydraulic suspension unit - removal and refitting . . . . . . . . . . 5
Front suspension arm - removal, overhaul and refitting . . . . . . . . . . 3
Front wheel hub bearings - removal and refitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
General description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
Manual steering gear unit - removal and refitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Power steering gear unit - removal and refitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Rear anti-roll bar - removal and refitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Rear hydraulic suspension unit - removal and refitting . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Rear suspension arm - removal, overhaul and refitting . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Rear wheel hub bearings - removal and refitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Steering column and lock (later models) - removal and refitting . . . . 19
Steering column housing (early models) - removal and refitting . . . . 17
Subframe/front suspension arm bearings - removal and refitting . . . 4
Suspension height - adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Suspension height correctors - removal and refitting . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Steering lock/ignition switch (early models) - removal and refitting . 18
Steering swivel (knuckle) bottom balljoint - renewal . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Steering swivel (knuckle) - removal and refitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Steering wheel - removal and refitting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Track rod/balljoint - renewal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Wheel alignment - checking and adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Degrees of difficulty
Easy,
suitable for
novice with little
experience
1
Fairly easy,
suitable
for beginner with
some experience
2
Fairly difficult,
suitable for competent
DIY mechanic
3
Difficult,
suitable for
experienced DIY
mechanic
4
Very difficult,
suitable for expert DIY
or professional
5
Specifications
Suspension
Front type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Independent, with upper and lower arms and steering knuckle,
hydropneumatic suspension cylinders supplied with fluid from main
hydraulic system via front height corrector, anti-roll bar, bump and
rebound stops
Rear type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Independent, with trailing arms, hydropneumatic suspension cylinders
supplied with fluid from main hydraulic system via rear height
corrector, anti-roll bar, bump and rebound stops
Height - normal driving position (engine idling):
Front . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166
+ 10 mm
- 7 mm
Rear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223
+ 10 mm
- 7 mm
Anti-roll bar diameter:
Front:
BX 19 GTi, BX 19 GTi 16v and Estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.0 mm
All other models . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.5 mm
Rear:
BX and BX 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16.5 mm
BX 16 and BX 19 (not Estate) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17.0 mm
BX 16 and BX 19 (Estate) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.0 mm
BX 19 GTi and BX 19 GTi 16v (pre March 1989) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.0 mm
BX 19 GTi 16v (from March 1989) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.0 mm
Steering
Type
11
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rack-and-pinion with optional power steering, steering column with
universal joint and coupling
Turns (lock to lock):
Manual steering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.76
Power steering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.83
Shaft length:
Manual steering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 384.5 mm
Power steering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 329.5 mm
11•2 Suspension and steering
Wheel alignment
Front:
Toe-out . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0 to 3 mm
Camber angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0º ± 30’
Castor angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2º ± 35’
Wheel offset . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 7.9 mm
Rear:
Toe-in . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.6 to 5 mm
Camber angle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . - 1 ± 20’
Wheel hub bearings
Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Twin track ball-bearings
Wheels
Type
Size
Steel:
BX and BX 14 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.50 B 14 FH 4.30 or 120 TR 365 FH 4.30
BX 14 Estate . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.50 B 14 FH 4.30
BX 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 TR 365 FH 4.30
BX 19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.00 B 14 FH 4.25
BX 16 and BX 19 Estates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.00 B 14 FH 4.25
Alloy:
BX 14 RE and BX 16 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 120 TR 365 FH 4.30
BX 16 RE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.00 B 14 FH 4.25
BX 19 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.00 B 14 CH 4.25
BX 19 GTi . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 1/2 J 14 FH 4.18
BX 19 GTi 16v . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 J 14 CH 4.15
Tyres
Type . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Radial ply, tubeless
Pressures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See end of
“Weekly checks”
Torque wrench settings
Nm
lbf ft
Front suspension
Suspension strut unit upper mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
14
Suspension strut to steering swivel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
51
Suspension arm to steering swivel balljoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
22
Track rod balljoint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
27
Suspension arm pivot (spindle) nut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160
116
Anti-roll bar connecting link . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
33
Anti-roll bar to subframe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
20
Subframe bolts:
BX and BX 14 (front, centre and rear) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
41
BX 16 and BX 19 (front and centre) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
41
BX 16 and BX 19 (rear) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95
69
Rear axle
Suspension arm shaft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130
94
Anti-roll bar bearing flange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
47
Axle mountings:
Front . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
36
Rear . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
20
Steering
Column upper mounting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
9
Column upper joint clamp . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
14
Column lower flange joint . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
18
Rack mountings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
41
Track rod inner to outer locknut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
27
Track rod balljoint nut (outer) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
27
Track rod balljoint nut (inner) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
36
Roadwheels
Bolts:
Steel wheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
58
Alloy wheels . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90
65
Hub nut (front and rear) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270
195
Lower suspension arm/hub carrier balljoint nut . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
22
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pressed steel or alloy
 Suspension and steering 11•3
1 General information
Ground height clearance is adjusted with a
lever mounted inside the vehicle, the lever
being connected by operating rods to the
front and rear height correctors. Automatic
damping is incorporated in the suspension
cylinders.
Steering is of rack-and-pinion type,
mounted on a crossmember attached to the
front subframe. The steering column
incorporates a universal joint and a coupling.
Power steering is fitted to some models
and this system incorporates a self-centring
action which varies according to the speed of
the vehicle. Power assistance is derived from
a power-operated hydraulic ram cylinder
mounted on the steering rack. The hydraulic
pressure to the ram is supplied by the main
suspension and braking system hydraulic
circuit, the pressure being controlled by a flow
distributor unit and a control valve.
2 Front wheel hub bearings
-
removal and refitting
3
The suspension is of independent
hydropneumatic type. At the front, it comprises
a vertically mounted hydraulic suspension strut
unit, a lower suspension arm and an anti-roll
bar. The suspension cylinders are supplied with
hydraulic fluid from the main hydraulic system
via the front height corrector which is actuated
by the front anti-roll bar. The anti-roll bar is
attached to the suspension arms with two links.
A trailing arm rear suspension system is
used. The rear suspension cylinders are
supplied with hydraulic fluid from the main
system via the rear height corrector. As with
the front, the height corrector is actuated by
the rear anti-roll bar.
Removal
1
Disconnect the relevant driveshaft from the
outer hub. Unless necessary, do not withdraw
the driveshaft from the differential housing but
leave it in position and supported so that the
inner joint is not strained.
2
Set the height control to the “low” position.
3
Remove the brake disc.
4
Insert two bolts into the threaded holes in
the flange face of the hub and tighten them
evenly in a progressive sequence to withdraw
the hub from the hub carrier (swivel unit)
(see
illustration)
.
5
Remove the bearing inner race from the
hub using Citroën tool 2405-T or a similar
puller. Take care not to damage the hub.
6
Extract the bearing retaining circlip from the
inboard side of the hub carrier.
7
To remove the bearing from the hub carrier,
Citroën tool OUT 30 71 04-T should be used
(see illustration)
. Apply grease to the tool
friction washer (B). Tighten the centre bolt to
push the bearing inwards.
8
If no special tool is available, fabricate a
similar tool to that shown, or try removing the
bearing by using a suitable tube drift to drive
the bearing from the hub. The drift must
locate on the outboard end of the bearing
outer race and the bearing drifted inwards to
remove it. Support the inboard side of the hub
carrier during removal.
9
Clean and inspect the hub, hub carrier and
bearings for signs of excessive wear or
damage and renew as necessary. The inner
and outer seals are integral with the bearing
and cannot be renewed individually.
10
If the circlip was damaged or distorted
during removal then it must be renewed.
Refitting
11
Refitting is a reversal of the removal
procedure
(see illustrations)
.
2.4 Front hub removal using bolts
(arrowed). Note circlip location (4)
2.7 Citroën tool OUT 30 7104-T (A, B, D
and F) assembled for bearing removal from
hub carrier. Tighten centre bolt (A)
11
2.11a Reverse the position of tool item F
to pull bearing into position in hub carrier.
Note support plate C
2.11b Hub refitting method using items shown from Citroën tool kit
11•4 Suspension and steering
3.1b Later type of front suspension arm
and subframe
3.1a Sectional view of modified front suspension arm and associated components
1 Subframe
2 Suspension arm
5 Rear nut
6 Front washer
7 Rear washer
Removal
8
Position chocks against the rear wheels,
loosen the front roadwheel bolts then raise
and support the vehicle at the front end on
safety stands (see “
Jacking and vehicle
support
”). Remove the front roadwheel(s).
9
Move the height control lever to the “low”
position.
10
Loosen the lower arm-to-steering swivel
balljoint nut, locate a balljoint separator and
detach the arm from the balljoint. Take care
not to damage the balljoint rubber gaiter.
When the joint is separated, remove the
separator tool, unscrew the nut and detach
the lower arm
(see illustration)
.
11
Unscrew the retaining nut and detach the
anti-roll bar connector track rod from the
anti-roll bar
(see illustration)
.
12
Unscrew and remove the suspension arm
spindle nut at the rear end. Remove the cup
washer
(see illustration)
.
12
Take care when fitting the circlip not to
damage the inboard seal and ensure that the
circlip is fully engaged in its groove in the hub
carrier.
13
Lubricate the hub with grease prior to
fitting. Also lubricate the seal lips with grease.
14
Refit the driveshaft.
15
Refit the brake disc, taking care not to get
grease onto the disc.
16
With the roadwheel refitted, spin it to
ensure that the bearings run freely without
excessive play or drag.
b) Suspension arm bushes - redesigned
bushes are fitted to suit the new
subframe.
c) Spindle (pivot) shaft - increased in
diameter from 14 mm to 16 mm.
d) Suspension spheres - the capacity of the
spheres is 500 cc on BX 16 and BX 19
after January 1988.
2
Spheres on all models are colour-coded for
identification after January 1988.
3
The geometry of the subframe remains the
same as the type fitted to earlier models.
4
Subframes for the earlier models are no
longer being produced. If renewal of the
earlier type is necessary, it may be necessary
to renew the lower arms and their respective
associated fittings in accordance with the
model type. Your Citroën dealer will advise
accordingly.
5
When renewing a suspension arm on early
models fitted with the original-type subframe,
a special replacement arm is necessary. This
has the 14 mm spindle (pivot) shaft rubber
bushes and washers
(see illustration)
.
6
When fitting the later-type suspension arms
and subframe assemblies to early models, the
suspension geometry remains the same and
the original suspension spheres can be used.
7
Renewal of the suspension arm bushes on
the later types is identical to that described for
early types, as follows:
removal, overhaul and refitting
3
Modifications
from September 1985
1
From the above date, all models are fitted
with a modified front suspension arm which
has a revised type of flexible pivot bush fitted
(see illustration)
. In addition to the
suspension arm, the following associated
items are also modified.
a) Subframe - of modified design and no
longer fitted with taper roller bearings
(see illustration)
.
3.10 Separate swivel balljoint from
suspension arm
3.5 Special replacement suspension arm with 14 mm diameter pivot shaft
R Washers
3.11 Anti-roll bar and connecting rod.
Remove retaining nut (arrowed)
3 Pivot shaft
4 Front nut
3 Front suspension arm
-
Suspension and steering 11•5
3.12 Remove suspension arm
retaining nut at rear (arrowed)
3.13a Remove suspension arm
retaining nut at front (arrowed)
3.13b Front suspension arm spindle
removal method using Citroën special tools
13
Unscrew and remove the suspension arm
spindle nut at the front end
(see illustration)
.
Support the suspension arm and withdraw the
spindle to the front. It may be necessary to
attach a slide hammer to remove the spindle
(see illustration)
. As the spindle is withdrawn
from the suspension arm and subframe, make
a note of the location of the cup washers and
any shims or spacers used.
Overhaul
14
If the pivot bushes in the suspension arm
are worn and in need of replacement, then it is
also probable that the pivot bearings in the
subframe are also in need of renewal.
15
To remove the bushes from the
suspension arm, first mount the arm in a soft
jaw vice.
16
If possible, use Citroën tool 7104-T to
remove the bushes and subsequently refit
them. If this tool is not available, you will
need to fabricate a similar tool which
comprises a length of threaded rod (14 mm
diameter), some tube spacers, nuts and
washers. The threaded rod should be of
suitable length to pass through both
suspension arm eyes and protrude enough
at each end to enable the spacers and nuts
to be fitted so that the bushes can be
withdrawn.
17
Remove the rear bush first. Fit the tool
through the arm and tighten the nut as
indicated (at the front end of the rod) to draw
the rear bush from its housing
(see
illustration)
.
18
Reverse the procedure to withdraw the
front bush
(see illustration)
. Care must be
taken during the removal and refitting of the
bushes not to distort the suspension arm by
applying excessive force.
19
Clean out the bush bores in the
suspension arm.
20
Draw the front bush into position by
reversing the withdrawal procedure. When
fitted, the bush must be positioned as shown
(see illustration)
.
21
Lubricate the rear bush before drawing it
into position with a rubber lubricant or liquid
soap. Check that the bush is correctly aligned
when fitting and locate the index mark on the
outer face to the rear
(see illustrations)
.
3.17 Suspension arm rear bush removal using Citroën special tool.
Note direction of removal (arrowed)
3.18 Suspension arm front bush removal using Citroën special tool.
Note direction of removal (arrowed)
11
3.20 Suspension arm front bush position
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